A Systematic Review of the Clinical Studies in Humans for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: Clinical Manifestation, Diagnosis and Clinical Trials

Background: In December 2019 Chinese higher officials have acknowledged a number of cases of pneumonia happened in Wuhan, China with those patients who used the seafood from market selling live animals. At the end of December 2019, a kind of new pneumonia feast quickly in Wuhan, China, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCov).

Objective: Systematic analysis of the completed clinical trials in humans due to coronavirus disease in 2019 between January 12, 2020, to May 30, 2020 in 11 countries and possibly to recommend the ways to overcome the COV-2 pandemic.

Methods: Clinical studies completed in humans for the treatment of coronavirus disease in 2019 were looked for two databases, namely PubMed and Scopus. Based on the search terms, a total of 369 articles were downloaded. Of the total 369 articles, 38 duplicate articles were removed and 331 articles were screened with objective criterion. From the 331 articles, 168 articles were screened for excluded based on abstract screening and left with 163. Based on the exclusion criteria, 82 review articles, 51 articles not related to SARSCOV- 2 and 4 articles not written in English, in total 137 articles were excluded. Eventually, 26 articles were reviewed with required parameters for conclusive remarks.

Results: Of all the completed human clinical trials conducted in 11 countries obtained from https://clinicaltrials.gov/, the total patients included in the clinical trials from January 12, 2020 to May 30, 2020 were 6130. Out of them 1060 (17.29%) were only females and the rest 5070 (82.71%) were both males and females. From all patients studied, 163 patients were 30-70 years old, 60 patients were 60 years old, 2531 patients were of all age groups and the rest 3376 patients were ≥ 18 years old. Of all the completed clinical trials in 11 countries, eight different interventional models and four study types were used.

Conclusion: From the analysis of segregated results it is apparent that there was inclusion of patients with varied age group in the studies conducted with very less amount of patients from ≤ 18 years old, old age group and only females. The prime reason for least percentage inclusion of different age groups could be the weaker inherent immune response for the pandemic. COVID-19 can cause a conceivably deadly infection in humans. The most typical clinical manifestations reported by patients with coronavirus disease in 2019 were fever, cough, and expectoration. Approval of vaccines for control of COVID-19 is yet to be officially done, although now few vaccines are administered. Knowing the way to enter the cell and the mechanism on how to escape the immune system can be the potential targets to develop a novel SARS-COV-2 treatment protocol.