Impediments to Effective Healthcare Delivery among Rural Women in Cross River State, Nigeria

Rural women often face unique challenges in accessing and utilizing healthcare services, including limited access to healthcare resources, geographic isolation, and cultural and social barriers. To better understand the factors that influence healthcare delivery among rural women in Cross River State, Nigeria, this theoretical literature draws on social determinants of health and social exchange theories. Social determinants of health highlight the importance of social and economic factors, such as income, education, and housing, in shaping health outcomes. Social exchange theory, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships and social interactions in shaping behavior and decision-making. Using these frameworks, we argue that healthcare utilization among rural women in Cross River State is influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including cultural beliefs about health and healthcare, socioeconomic status, gender roles, and access to healthcare resources. Our discussion, however, highlights the importance of social support networks and trust in healthcare providers in facilitating healthcare utilization among rural women. These factors can help mitigate the negative effects of geographic isolation and limited healthcare resources. Access to transportation is also critical in overcoming geographic barriers to healthcare utilization. Finally, we identify gender roles and cultural beliefs around healthcare as key barriers to access and utilization. To address these barriers and improve healthcare delivery for rural women, interventions may include community-based outreach programs, education on cultural competency for healthcare providers, and policies to address transportation barriers and other social determinants of health. In conclusion, this paper contributes to the understanding of factors affecting healthcare delivery in rural areas, emphasizing the importance of addressing social determinants of health and improving healthcare infrastructure to improve health outcomes for rural women. This paper however has implications for healthcare providers, policymakers, social workers and researchers seeking to develop effective interventions and policies to address healthcare disparities in rural communities.